ATOMIC THEORY OF MAGNETISM || Magnetism and Matter Class 12, JEE & NEET

eSaral Academic and Editorial Team
Magnetism and Matter Class 12 Notes will help you in your Exam Preparation and will also help in scoring good! The property of any object by virtue of which it can attract a piece of iron or steel is called magnetism. Here will study about the Atomic Theory of Magnetism. Atomic Theory of Magnetism :
- Each atom behaves like a complete magnet having a north and south pole of equal strength. The electrons revolving around the nucleus in an atom are equivalent to small current loops which behave as a magnetic dipole.
- In unmagnetized magnetic substance these atomic magnets (represented by arrows) are randomly oriented and form closed chains. The atomic magnets cancel the effect of each other and thus resultant magnetism is zero.

- In a magnetized substance, all the atomic magnets are aligned in the same direction and thus resultant magnetism is non-zero.

The atomic theory explains the following facts in magnetism.
- Non existence of monopoles. The magnetic poles always exist in pairs and are of equal strength.
- When a magnet breaks, then each part behaves like a complete magnet.
- The magnetization of an electromagnet can be explained as the alignment of atomic magnets in direction of the magnetic field.
- This explains the phenomenon of saturation magnetization i.e. acquired magnetism remains constant even on increasing the external magnetizing field.
About eSaral At eSaral we are offering a complete platform for IIT-JEE & NEET preparation. The main mission behind eSaral is to provide education to each and every student in India by eliminating the Geographic and Economic factors, as a nation’s progress and development depends on the availability of quality education to each and every one. With the blend of education & technology, eSaral team made the learning personalized & adaptive for everyone.
For free video lectures and complete study material, Download eSaral APP.

Team eSaral
eSaral Academic and Editorial Team
Team eSaral is the collective author profile for educational content created by eSaral’s teachers and academic contributors. The team draws on expertise from IIT graduates, doctors, experienced educators and subject specialists to develop resources for JEE, NEET and school students. Our articles aim to explain concepts clearly and help students study with confidence.
Related Posts

Plant Cell Diagram: Labelled Structure, Parts and Functions
Simple, labelled plant cell diagram with parts and functions. Covers plant cell structure for Class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 students, CBSE-aligned.

Saransh Gupta Sir's Visit to IIT Patna: Hostel Life, Placements & Lessons for JEE Aspirants
Inside Saransh Gupta Sir's IIT Patna visit — hostel life, the library, placements, internships, and real advice for JEE aspirants from students living the IIT dream.

Molality Formula: Formula for Molality, Derivation & Solved Examples
Molality formula is $m = \dfrac{n}{W}$. Learn the formula of molality, its SI unit, derivation, relation with molarity, and solved examples for Class 11, JEE and NEET.

BITSAT Previous Year Question Paper PDF
Download BITSAT previous year question papers PDF. Get year-wise BITSAT PYQs, memory-based papers, exam pattern, and preparation tips to improve your BITSAT preparation.

Teachers’ Day 2026 at eSaral Gurukul: Celebrating the Bond Between Students, Teachers & Mentors
See how Teachers’ Day 2026 was celebrated at eSaral Gurukul, reflecting the bond among students, teachers, and mentors, and the role of guidance beyond academics.

JEE Advanced Attempts: Can You Give It a Third Time? Rules Explained
JEE Advanced attempts: current rule is 2 consecutive years only: full eligibility criteria, the 2025 third-attempt controversy, and the latest 2026 petition news.

Best JEE Preparation App
Best JEE preparation app for Main & Advanced: AI mock tests, live doubt-solving, thousands of practice questions. JEE preparation app for droppers & Class 11-12.

Coordinate Geometry Class 10: Formulas, Notes & Solved Examples
Coordinate geometry class 10: complete CBSE formulas — distance, section, midpoint and area of triangle — with derivation, notes and solved examples.

How to make Notes For JEE Smart Notes Strategy of an AIR 41
Learn how to make notes for JEE the way toppers do — indexing, shorthand, and smart short notes for JEE that cut revision time to just 5–7 days.

SL Arora Physics Class 12 Index – Chapter List for Volume 1 & 2
SL Arora Physics Class 12 index — complete chapter list for Volume 1 & 2, mapped to NCERT solutions for board, JEE Main, and NEET preparation.
