CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2019-20 | Download Detailed Syllabus

UNIT

TOPICS

Chapter-1

The Living World ·       What is living? Biodiversity ·       Need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature; tools for study of taxonomy- museums, zoological parks, herbaria, botanical gardens

Chapter-2

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants ·       Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization, post fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation

Chapter-3

Human Reproduction ·       Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary;  gametogenesis  - spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle ; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea)

Chapter-4

Reproductive Health ·       Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need  and  methods,  contraception  and  medical  termination  of  pregnancy  (MTP), amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness)

Chapter-5

Principles of Inheritance and Variation ·       Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co-  dominance,  multiple  alleles  and  inheritance  of  blood  groups,  pleiotropy ·       elementary  idea  of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination- in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness ·       Mendelian disorders in humans -thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans ·       Down's syndrome ·       Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes

Chapter-6

Molecular Basis of Inheritance ·       Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic materia ·       Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging ·         DNA replication; Central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation- lac operon; genome and human and rice genome projects ·         DNA fingerprinting

Chapter-7

Evolution ·         Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences) ·         Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift ·         Hardy - Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution  

Chapter-8

Human Health and Diseases ·Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chickengunia, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control ·       Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse

Chapter-9

Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production ·       Improvement in food production ·       Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein ·       Biofortification ·       Apiculture and Animal husbandry

Chapter-10

Microbes in Human Welfare ·       In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers ·       Antibiotics; production and judicious use

Chapter-11

Biotechnology - Principles and processes ·       Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).  

Chapter-12

Biotechnology and its Application ·       Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms - Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, bio piracy and patents

Chapter-13

Organisms and Populations ·       Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations; population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.

Chapter-14

Ecosystem ·       Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services - carbon fixation, pollination, seed dispersal, oxygen release (in brief)

Chapter-15

Biodiversity and its Conservation ·       Biodiversity-Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction ·       Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites

  Chapter-16

Environmental Issues ·         Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and climate change impact and mitigation; ozone layer depletion; deforestation; any one case study as success story addressing environmental issue(s)