Class 12 Math Syllabus Bihar Board 2026–27 | Unit-Wise Marks & Free PDF Download

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Students who are preparing for Bihar Board Class 12 Exam will get here Class 12 Math Syllabus - Bihar Board with the unit-wise Marks distribution. This will help the aspirants to know about the chapters having more weightage. Also get the PDF of Detailed Syllabus in this Article.

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The Bihar School Examination Board (BSEB) Class 12 Mathematics syllabus is one of the most scoring subjects in the Intermediate Science stream — if you know where to focus your time. With six clearly defined units and 100 total marks, the syllabus rewards students who understand the mark distribution and plan chapter-wise preparation.

This article gives you the full Bihar Board Class 12 Maths syllabus, including unit-wise marks, all 13 chapters with their Hindi and English names, topic-level detail for every unit, and a free PDF download link. You will also find preparation tips from IIT Bombay-trained faculty and a priority table to help you score higher in less time.

Whether you are preparing for the BSEB annual exam or building your foundation for JEE or other competitive exams, understanding this syllabus is your first step. Bookmark this page and return to it as your exam date approaches.

Most students make the mistake of spending equal time on every chapter. In the Bihar Board Class 12 Maths, Calculus is your biggest scoring zone. Master Integrals and Differential Equations first — these two chapters alone can change your result. Once you are confident in Calculus, move to Vectors before going back to Relations & Functions.

Bihar Board Class 12 Maths Chapterwise PDF Download

Part-I

Part-II

For step-by-step solutions to all these chapters, refer to the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths — solved by IIT Bombay-trained faculty at eSaral.

Bihar Board Class 12 Maths Chapterwise PDF Download (In Hindi)

Part-I

Part-II

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Detailed Syllabus for Mathematics Class 12^th

Unit 1: Relations and Functions

• Relations and Functions: Types of relations: Reflexive, Symmetric, Transitive and Equivalence relations.
• Functions: One to one and onto functions, composite functions, inverse of a function. Binary operations.
• Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Definition, range, domain, principal value branch.
• Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions. Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions.

Unit 2: Algebra Matrices

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• Basics: Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices.
• Operation on matrices: Addition and multiplication and multiplication with a scalar. Simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication.
• Non-Commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order
• Concept of elementary row and column operations. Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists; (Here all matrices will have real entries).

  Determinants

• Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), properties of determinants, minors, cofactors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle.
• Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix.
• Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions of system of linear equations by examples, solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix.

Unit 3: Calculus

Continuity and Differentiability

• Derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit functions.
• Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions.
• Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation, derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives.
• Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorems and their geometric interpretation.

Applications of Derivatives

• Rate of change of bodies, increasing/decreasing functions, tangents and normal, use of derivatives in approximation, maxima and minima.
• Simple problems (based on basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations).

Integrals

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• Integration as the inverse process of differentiation.
• Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts
• Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them.

• Definite integrals as a limit of a sum, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals.

Applications of Integrals

• Applications in finding area under simple curves, Straight lines, circles/parabolas/ellipses.
• Area between any of the two above-mentioned curves (the region should be clearly identifiable)

Differential Equations

• Definition, order, and degree of general and particular solutions of a differential equation.
• Formation of a differential equation whose general solution is given.
• Solution of differential equations by the method of separation of variables, solutions of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree.
• Solutions of linear differential equations of the type:
• dy/dx + py = q, where p and q are functions of x or constants.

Unit 4: Vectors and 3-Dimensional Geometry Vectors

• Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector.
• Direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector.
• Types of vectors, position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, and position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio.
• Geometrical Interpretation, properties, and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors, scalar triple product of vectors.

3 – Dimensional Geometry

• Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points.
• Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance between two lines.Cartesian and vector equation of a plane.
• Distance of a point from a plane.
• Angle between
• 1. two lines,
  2. two planes
  3. a line and a plane

Unit 5: Linear Programming

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• Introduction
• Related terminology: constraints, objective function, optimization, and different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems.
• Mathematical formulation of L.P. problem.
• Graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded and unbounded), feasible and infeasible solutions
• Optimal feasible solutions.

Unit 6: Probability

• Multiplication theorem on probability
• Conditional probability
• Independent events, total probability, Bayes’ theorem
• Random variable and its probability distribution
• Mean and variance of the random variable
• Repeated independent (Bernoulli) trials & Binomial distribution.

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This information would be useful for those who are looking for the Mathematics Class 12^th Syllabus of the Bihar Board. Get to know the detailed syllabus of Class 12^th for all Subjects and prepare accordingly for the upcoming Exams. Download the eSaral App and get access to interactive learning and Video lectures related to Boards, JEE & NEET Preparation. CLICK HERE & Get Bihar Board Syllabus 12th Science 2019 in PDF form.

India's Best Exam Preparation for Class 12th - Download Now