NCERT Books for Class 12 Maths - PDF Download
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NCERT Class 12 Maths Book — Chapterwise PDF Download
Click any chapter below to download its PDF directly. No login or payment required. Available in both English and Hindi.
Part 1 — Chapters 1 to 6
Chapter No. | Chapter Name | Key Topics | Download |
|---|---|---|---|
Chapter 1 | Relations and Functions | Types of relations, types of functions, composition, invertible functions | |
Chapter 2 | Inverse Trigonometric Functions | Domain and range, principal value branches, properties and identities | |
Chapter 3 | Matrices | Types of matrices, operations, transpose, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices | |
Chapter 4 | Determinants | Determinant properties, minors, cofactors, adjoint, inverse, Cramer's rule | |
Chapter 5 | Continuity and Differentiability | Continuity, differentiability, chain rule, implicit and logarithmic differentiation, Rolle's and MVT | |
Chapter 6 | Application of Derivatives | Rate of change, increasing/decreasing functions, tangents, normals, maxima and minima |
India's Best Exam Preparation for Class 12th — Download Now
Part 2 — Chapters 7 to 13
Chapter No. | Chapter Name | Key Topics | Download |
|---|---|---|---|
Chapter 7 | Integrals | Integration methods, substitution, by parts, partial fractions, definite integrals, properties | |
Chapter 8 | Application of Integrals | Area under curves, area between curves | |
Chapter 9 | Differential Equations | Order and degree, formation, variable separable, homogeneous, linear differential equations | |
Chapter 10 | Vector Algebra | Types of vectors, addition, dot product, cross product, scalar and vector projections | |
Chapter 11 | Three-Dimensional Geometry | Direction cosines, equation of line and plane in 3D, angle between line and plane, distance formulas | |
Chapter 12 | Linear Programming | LPP formulation, graphical method, feasible region, corner point method, maximization and minimization | |
Chapter 13 | Probability | Conditional probability, Bayes' theorem, independent events, random variables, Binomial distribution |
💡 Expert Tip: Download all 13 chapters on Day 1 and save them in a named folder on your phone. Class 12 Maths mein har chapter ka ek alag practice set banao — exercise problems plus previous year questions. Students who practice chapter-by-chapter rather than jumping topics consistently score 15–20 marks higher in board exams.
NCERT Class 12 Maths Syllabus — Chapter Overview Table
The NCERT Class 12 Maths syllabus covers six broad units. Understanding the unit structure helps you plan your study schedule and identify which chapters carry the most CBSE board marks.
Unit | Chapters | Topics Covered | CBSE Marks Weightage |
|---|---|---|---|
Relations and Functions | Ch 1, Ch 2 | Functions, inverse trigonometry | 8 marks |
Algebra | Ch 3, Ch 4 | Matrices, Determinants | 10 marks |
Calculus | Ch 5, Ch 6, Ch 7, Ch 8, Ch 9 | Continuity, Derivatives, Integrals, Differential Equations | 44 marks |
Vectors and 3D Geometry | Ch 10, Ch 11 | Vectors, 3-Dimensional Geometry | 14 marks |
Linear Programming | Ch 12 | LPP, graphical method | 5 marks |
Probability | Ch 13 | Conditional probability, Bayes' theorem, distributions | 8 marks |
Total | 80 marks (theory) | ||
Which Is the Most Important Chapter in NCERT Class 12 Maths?
Calculus is the most important unit in Class 12 Maths, carrying 44 out of 80 marks — more than 55% of the theory paper. Within Calculus, Integrals (Chapter 7) and Application of Derivatives (Chapter 6) are the most heavily tested. Students who are strong in Calculus have already secured more than half their board exam marks before attempting any other unit.
Why Download NCERT Class 12 Maths Chapters as PDF?
Chapterwise PDF downloads offer practical advantages over a physical textbook, especially for students preparing across multiple environments:
Advantage | Why It Matters |
|---|---|
Lightweight and portable | All 13 chapters on your phone — no heavy bag required |
Chapterwise access | Download only the chapter you are currently studying — no need to scroll through 500+ pages |
Searchable content | Find any theorem, formula, or definition instantly using Ctrl+F or phone search |
Available in English and Hindi | Language is not a barrier — study in whichever medium you are most comfortable |
Anytime, anywhere access | Study during commute, free periods, or power cuts — without needing internet after download |
Free of cost | NCERT books are government-published and legally free for all students |
How to Use NCERT Class 12 Maths Books Effectively
Downloading the book is step one. Here is how to actually use it to improve your marks:
- Familiarise yourself with the syllabus first. Before studying Chapter 1, scan all 13 chapter names and note the marks weightage of each unit from the table above. Plan your time accordingly.
- Read actively — take notes and write formulae. Do not just read the NCERT text. After each section, write the key formula or theorem in your own words. This active engagement doubles retention.
- Solve every in-text example before the exercise. NCERT provides worked examples before each exercise. Attempt these yourself first — without looking at the solution. This reveals conceptual gaps early.
- Complete every exercise question. Board exam questions come directly from NCERT exercises. Not doing even one set of exercises is a risk not worth taking.
- Practise regularly — Mathematics is a doing subject. Reading Mathematics is not studying Mathematics. Set a target of at least 10–15 problems solved daily, rotating across chapters.
- Focus on conceptual understanding, not memorisation. Understand why Integration by Parts works, not just the formula. Conceptual clarity lets you solve unfamiliar problems in board exams.
- Schedule weekly revision. Create a one-page formula summary for each chapter. Review these every Sunday to prevent forgetting earlier chapters while studying new ones.
- Solve previous year board papers. After completing each unit, solve the relevant previous year CBSE questions. This shows you how NCERT content is adapted into board exam questions.
- Analyse your mistakes — do not just correct them. Every wrong answer reveals a specific gap. Identify whether it was a concept error, calculation error, or misread question — and fix the root cause.
- Seek help early. If a concept like Differential Equations or 3D Geometry is unclear after two attempts, ask your teacher or watch a concept video. Confusion that persists past Day 3 of a topic slows down all future chapters.
💡 Expert Tip: Make a single A4 formula sheet for each chapter as you complete it. By the time you finish all 13 chapters, you will have a 13-page revision booklet that covers every formula needed for boards and JEE. This is faster than any printed revision notes — because you made it yourself.
Benefits of Using NCERT Books for Class 12 Maths
NCERT Class 12 Maths books are not just school textbooks — they are the foundation of every major exam a Class 12 student will face.
Benefit | Why It Matters |
|---|---|
Complete syllabus coverage | All 13 chapters align precisely with the CBSE Class 12 board exam syllabus — nothing is missing, nothing is extra |
Clear, quality content | Written in simple language with step-by-step explanations — complex topics like integration and determinants are made accessible |
Essential for board exams | CBSE board questions come directly from NCERT — the exercises, examples, and exemplar problems are your exact exam practice material |
Foundation for competitive exams | JEE Main, JEE Advanced, and state engineering entrance exams all test concepts from NCERT Class 12 Maths chapters directly |
Uniform national standard | Students across all states follow the same NCERT curriculum — ensuring equal preparation opportunity regardless of school or location |
Free and officially endorsed | Published by the Government of India — legally free for all students, no cost whatsoever |
NCERT Class 12 Maths for Board Exams and JEE Preparation
NCERT Class 12 Maths is the single most important book for both CBSE board exams and JEE Main Mathematics. Here is how each chapter maps to the two exam contexts:
Chapter | CBSE Board Importance | JEE Main Importance |
|---|---|---|
Ch 1 — Relations and Functions | High — direct questions in board paper | Medium — basis for JEE functions questions |
Ch 2 — Inverse Trig Functions | High — questions every year | Medium-High — ITF questions in JEE Main |
Ch 3 — Matrices | High — 4–6 mark questions guaranteed | High — JEE tests matrix operations extensively |
Ch 4 — Determinants | High — often paired with Matrices | High — determinant properties in JEE |
Ch 5 — Continuity and Differentiability | Very High — large marks unit | Very High — core JEE Calculus topic |
Ch 6 — Application of Derivatives | Very High — maxima/minima every year | Very High — JEE tests AOD extensively |
Ch 7 — Integrals | Very High — highest marks in the board | Very High — integration is a JEE staple |
Ch 8 — Application of Integrals | High — area questions in the board paper | Medium — less emphasis in JEE |
Ch 9 — Differential Equations | High — 4–5 mark questions | High — DE appears regularly in JEE Main |
Ch 10 — Vector Algebra | High — part of a large unit | Very High — vectors are core JEE topic |
Ch 11 — 3D Geometry | High — 5–6 mark questions | High — 3D questions in every JEE paper |
Ch 12 — Linear Programming | Medium — 5 marks, predictable format | Low — rarely tested in JEE |
Ch 13 — Probability | High — Bayes' theorem every year | High Probability in JEE Main regularly |
The NCERT Class 12 Maths book is the most important single resource for Class 12 board preparation and JEE Main Mathematics. Three key takeaways: Calculus carries 44 of 80 board marks, so it must be your primary focus; every exercise question in NCERT is potential board exam material, so none should be skipped; and the same chapters that earn you board marks also build your JEE foundation — making NCERT Class 12 Maths a double-return investment of your time.
To watch free learning videos on every Class 12 Maths chapter by NK Gupta Sir, install the eSaral App. eSaral's Class 12 Maths course offers concept videos, chapter-wise exercise solutions, and a doubt-solving system designed to take you from NCERT basics to board exam confidence.
Also Read: Maths Class 12 Chapterwise Notes
If you have any confusion related to the NCERT Class 12 Maths book PDF, feel free to ask in the comments section below.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many chapters are in the NCERT Class 12 Maths book?
The NCERT Class 12 Maths book has 13 chapters split across two parts. Part 1 covers Chapters 1–6 (Relations and Functions through Application of Derivatives). Part 2 covers Chapters 7–13 (Integrals through Probability). All 13 chapters are tested in the CBSE board exam and contribute to the 80-mark theory paper.
Is NCERT Class 12 Maths book enough for board exams?
Yes. NCERT Class 12 Maths is fully sufficient for CBSE board exams. All board exam questions are based directly on NCERT exercises, examples, and exemplar problems. A student who completes every exercise question in all 13 chapters and understands the underlying concepts is comprehensively prepared for the 80-mark board paper.
Can I download the NCERT Class 12 Maths book PDF for free?
Yes. All 13 chapters of the NCERT Class 12 Maths book are available as free PDF downloads on this page — both Part 1 and Part 2. No login or payment is required. NCERT books are published by the Government of India and are legally free for all students. Downloads are available in both English and Hindi.
Which is the most important chapter in NCERT Class 12 Maths for board exams?
Calculus is the most important unit, carrying 44 out of 80 board exam marks. Within Calculus, Integrals (Chapter 7) and Application of Derivatives (Chapter 6) are the highest-scoring chapters. Matrices and Determinants (Chapters 3 and 4) together carry 10 marks. Probability (Chapter 13) and Vectors (Chapter 10) are also guaranteed mark-scorers every year.
Is NCERT Class 12 Maths enough for JEE Main preparation?
NCERT Class 12 Maths is the essential foundation for JEE Main Mathematics. Chapters like Calculus, Vectors, 3D Geometry, Matrices, and Probability are tested directly in JEE Main. After mastering NCERT, students need additional JEE-level practice with harder problems — but the concepts and formulae in NCERT are what all JEE solutions are built on.