What is Fermi energy level in semiconductors - Electronics - eSaral

Hey, Do you want to know what is fermi energy level in semiconductors? If yes. Then keep reading.

Fermi Energy Level.

Fermi energy is the maximum kinetic energy of an electron at 0 K these electrons are called Fermi electrons and energy level is known as Fermi energy level.

Mass Action Law

Under thermal equilibrium, the product of concentration $\mathrm{n}_{\mathrm{e}}$ of free electrons and the concentration $\mathbf{n}_{\mathrm{h}}$ of holes is constant & independent of the amount of doping by donor & acceptor impurity.

$\mathrm{n}_{e} \mathrm{n}_{\mathrm{h}}=\mathbf{n}_{\mathrm{i}}^{2}$

where

$\mathrm{n}_{\mathrm{i}}=$ intrinsic concentration

However, the intrinsic concentration is a function of temperature.

• In n-type semiconductors, the number density of electrons is nearly equal to the number density of donor atoms $\mathrm{N}_{\mathrm{d}}$ and is very large as compared to the number density of holes.
  
  $\mathrm{n}_{\mathrm{e}} \approx \mathrm{N}_{\mathrm{D}}$
  
  $N_{D}>>n_{h}$
  
• In p-type semiconductor, the number density of holes is nearly equal to the number density of acceptor atoms $\mathrm{N}_{\mathrm{a}}$ and is very large as compared to number density of electrons.
  
  $\mathbf{n}_{\mathrm{h}} \approx \mathrm{N}_{\mathrm{A}}$
  
  $\mathrm{N}_{\mathrm{A}}>>\mathrm{n}_{\mathrm{e}}$

 
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